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Capitalist private property in land and buildings - real estate - is the ground of modern cities, materially, politically, and economically. It is foundational to their development and core to much theoretical work on the urban environment. It is also a central, pressing matter of political contestation in contemporary cities. Yet it remains largely without a history. This Element examines the modern city as a propertied space, defining real estate as a technology of (dis)possession and using it to move across scales of analysis, from the local spatiality of particular built spaces to the networks of legal, political, and economic imperatives that constitute property and operate at national and international levels. This combination of territorial embeddedness with more wide-ranging institutional relationships charts a route to an urban history that allows the city to speak as a global agent and artefact without dispensing with the role of states and local circumstance.

Cities and towns --- Real property --- History. --- Social aspects --- Growth. --- Economic aspects. --- Sociology of environment --- Land. Real estate --- Environmental planning --- World history --- Real estate business --- Land subdivision --- Biens réels --- Villes --- Immobilier --- Lotissement --- Social aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Croissance --- Aspect social --- Histoire

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Phytohormones are known to  direct plant growth, in a coordinated fashion in association with the metabolism that supplies energy and the building blocks to generate the form that is recognized as a plant. Out of the chemicals recognized as hormones, attention has largely been focused on Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene and more recently to Brassinosteroids. However, this book provides the recent information about a natural chemical, Salicylic Acid, that could be raised to the status as assigned to the above phytohormones because it has significant regulatory impact on important aspects of the plant life.  Salicylic acid (SA) was first discovered as a major component in the bark extracts from Salix (willow) which was used as an anti-inflammatory drug. However, SA is ubiquitous in plants, generating a significant impact on plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake and their transport. Moreover, SA also induces specific changes in leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure. SA is recognized as an endogenous signal, mediating in plant defence, against pathogens.  In this book a total of 16 chapters have been included which provide a recent update on salicylic acid. This book is not an encyclopedia of reviews but includes a selected collection of newly written, integrated, illustrated reviews describing our knowledge on salicylic acid. The aim of this book is to tell about the salicylic acid involvement in plants, by the present time. The various chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects which may serve as a baseline information for future research through which significant developments are possible. We are of the opinion that this book will be of immense importance to all those who have even the least interest in biological and agricultural sciences.

Biology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Phytomorphology. Phytoanatomy --- Botany --- systematische plantkunde --- fotosynthese --- biologie --- botanie --- planten --- Salicylic acid --- Plant hormones --- Growth (Plants) --- Plants --- Acide salicylique --- Plantes --- Croissance (Plantes) --- Development --- Hormones --- Développement --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVBIOLO LIVBIOMO LIVMEDEC SPRINGER-B

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International financial centres have come to represent a major economic stake. Yet no historical study has been devoted to them. Professor Cassis, a leading financial historian, attempts to fill this gap by providing a comparative history of the most important centres that constitute the capitals of capital - New York, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Zurich, Amsterdam, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore - from the beginning of the industrial age up to the present. The book has been conceived as a reflection on the dynamics of the rise and decline of international financial centres, setting them in their economic, political, social, and cultural context. While rooted in a strong and lively historical narrative, it draws on the concepts of financial economics in its analysis of events. It should widely appeal to business and finance professionals as well as to scholars and students in financial and economic history.

Histoire économique et sociale --- --Finance --- --1780-2005 --- --Banques internationales --- 336.71 <09> --- 333.601 --- -332.1 --- Bankwezen--Geschiedenis van ... --- Organisatie van de financiële markten. --- 336.71 <09> Bankwezen--Geschiedenis van ... --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.162.1 --- 333.600 --- Financial institutions, International --- International financial institutions --- International finance --- Geschiedenis van de financiële markten. --- Financiële markten. Kapitaalmarkten (algemeenheden). --- History --- World history --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- --Banks and banking --- Finance --- History. --- Banks and banking, International --- Cities and towns --- Banques internationales --- Villes --- Growth --- Economic aspects. --- Histoire --- Croissance --- Aspect économique --- --336.71 <09> --- Banks and banking --- Bankwezen--Geschiedenis van .. --- Geschiedenis van de financiële markten --- Financiële markten. Kapitaalmarkten (algemeenheden) --- Organisatie van de financiële markten --- --Financial institutions, International --- Bankwezen--Geschiedenis van . --- Arts and Humanities --- Bankwezen--Geschiedenis van --- -History

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Unlike most existing textbooks on the economic history of modern Europe, which offer a country-by-country approach, The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe rethinks Europe's economic history since 1700 as unified and pan-European, with the material organized by topic rather than by country. This second volume tracks Europe's economic history through three major phases since 1870. The first phase was an age of globalization and of European economic and political dominance that lasted until the First World War. The second, from 1914 to 1945, was one of war, deglobalization, and depression and the third was one of growing integration not only within Europe but also between Europe and the global economy. Leading authors offer comprehensive and accessible introductions to these patterns of globalization and deglobalization as well as to key themes in modern economic history such as economic growth, business cycles, sectoral developments, and population and living standards.

International economic relations --- History of Europe --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- 338 <09> <4> "17/18" --- Economische geschiedenis--Europa--18e en 19e eeuw. Periode 1700-1899.--(eveneens voor boeken over recht periode 1789-1799) --- 330.94 --- 331.100 --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Economic history. --- Histoire économique --- --Europe --- --XIXe-XXe s., --- Economic history --- Economic conditions. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- XIXe-XXe s., 1801-2000 --- Europe - Economic history --- history of Europe. --- economy. --- economic conditions. --- economic growth. --- Schuman-planen --- Eiropas Kopienu vēsture --- dejiny EU --- Schumani plaan --- plan Schuman --- histoire des CE --- Declaração Schuman --- Geschichte der EG --- history of the European Communities --- déclaration Schuman --- Schuman-erklæringen --- Declaración Schuman --- povijest EZ-a --- Šumano deklaracija --- Schumanova deklarácia --- Schumanverklaring --- geschiedenis van de EG --- Plano Schuman --- Schuman plan --- plani Shuman --- az Európai Közösségek története --- Schuman-Plan --- Schuman Declaration --- História da CE --- Schuman-terv --- Európa története --- Schuman-Erklärung --- Europos Bendrijų istorija --- Šūmaņa plāns --- povijest EU-a --- ιστορία των ΕΚ --- Σχέδιο Schuman --- piano Schuman --- историја на европските интеграции --- Schumanin suunnitelma --- Schumani deklaratsioon --- Шуманов план --- dějiny Evropských společenství --- declarația schuman --- az EK története --- Schumanplan --- historia de la CE --- storia delle Comunità europee --- istoria comunității europeene --- Schumanov plán --- historia europea --- Euroopan yhteisöjen historia --- histori e Komuniteteve Europiane --- az EU története --- dějiny Evropské unie --- Schumanov plan --- Euroopa ühenduste ajalugu --- историја на ЕУ --- planul schuman --- Šūmaņa deklarācija --- historia de la UE --- Schuman-nyilatkozat --- Schumanova deklaracija --- dichiarazione Schuman --- Schumanova deklarace --- Schumanův plán --- Deklarata e Shumanit --- Διακήρυξη Schuman --- Schumanin julistus --- Šumano planas --- az európai építmény története --- histoire de l'Europe --- historia Europy --- geschiedenis van Europa --- dějiny evropského integračního procesu --- storia dell'Europa --- ιστορία της Ευρώπης --- EF's historie --- историја на Европа --- storja tal-Ewropa --- dejiny Európy --- Eiropas vēsture --- Geschichte des europäischen Einigungswerks --- istoria Europei --- historia de Europa --- stair na hEorpa --- zgodovina Evrope --- история на европейското обединение --- EG:s historia --- povijest europskih integracija --- história da Europa --- Europos istorija --- histori e Europës --- историја Европе --- Euroopa ajalugu --- Euroopan historia --- vækstrate --- zero growth --- miera rastu --- expansiune economică --- prieaugis --- pieauguma temps --- creștere zero --- nulový rast --- boom economico --- нулти раст --- crecimiento cero --- espansione economica --- talouden laajentuminen --- növekedés üteme --- nullkasv --- nulvækst --- kasvuvauhti --- ekonomisk expansion --- οικονομική επέκταση --- nulgroei --- nollakasvu --- nulti rast --- Nullwachstum --- ritmo de crecimiento --- növekedés mértéke --- μηδενική μεγέθυνση --- hospodársky vzostup --- tillväxttakt --- ρυθμός οικονομικής μεγέθυνσης --- kasvumäär --- nulles pieaugums --- míra hospodářského růstu --- nolltillväxt --- taxa de crescimento --- ekonomický růst --- nulinis augimas --- growth rate --- crescita zero --- gospodarski rast --- економска експанзија --- expansão económica --- stopa rasta --- økonomisk ekspansion --- rată de creștere economică --- croissance zéro --- majanduse laienemine --- expansion économique --- tasa de crecimiento --- zgjerim ekonomik --- economische expansie --- ekonomická expanze --- rritje zero --- augimo norma --- taux de croissance --- economic expansion --- nulový růst --- crescimento zero --- Wachstumsrate --- οικονομική αύξηση --- Wirtschaftsexpansion --- tasso di crescita --- zéró növekedés --- стапка на раст --- Wirtschaftswachstum --- ekonomisk tillväxt --- ūkio augimas --- gospodarska rast --- crescimento económico --- taloudellinen kasvu --- wzrost gospodarczy --- hospodářský růst --- majanduskasv --- croissance économique --- tkabbir ekonomiku --- rritje ekonomike --- economische groei --- creștere economică --- crescita economica --- икономически растеж --- привредни раст --- fás eacnamaíoch --- hospodársky rast --- crecimiento económico --- ekonomski rast --- økonomisk vækst --- економски раст --- ekonomikas pieaugums --- οικονομική μεγέθυνση --- gazdasági növekedés --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- ekonomikos mokslas --- gospodarstvo --- gazdálkodás --- ekonomika --- стопанство --- hospodářství --- économie --- икономика --- talous --- gospodarka --- geilleagar --- economia --- majandus --- hospodárstvo --- economie --- Wirtschaft --- gazdaság --- økonomi --- οικονομία --- привреда --- ūkis --- економија --- ekonomija --- ekonomi --- economía --- Conditions économiques --- 18e siècle --- 1789-1900 --- 20e siècle